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Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy, by Eric Berne
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Dr. Eric Berne, as the originator of transactional analysis, has attained recognition for developing one of the most innovative approaches to modern psychotherapy. Bit it wasn't until his Games People Play became an international bestseller that his method achieved wide popularity. In his writings and teachings, until his death in 1970, Dr. Berne laid the groundwork for a rational method for understanding and analyzing human behavior, which is gaining increasing application in modern therapy as one of the most promising new development in the mental health field. Dr. Berne first outlined the principles of transactional analysis in Transactional Analysis In Psychotherapy, now a classic in the field; later, he discussed its application to group dynamics in The Structure and Dynamics of Organizations and Groups (1963); its use in analyzing games in the celebrated bestseller Games People Play (1964); its application to clinical practice in Principles of Group Treatment (1966): and a summary of the theory in popular form in A Layman's Guide to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis (1868). His last book written before his death was What Do You Say After You Say Hello?
- Sales Rank: #7097215 in Books
- Published on: 1981-08-12
- Released on: 1981-08-12
- Ingredients: Example Ingredients
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Binding: Mass Market Paperback
- 298 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
BERNE'S FIRST FORMULATION OF THE IDEAS HE MADE POPULAR LATER
By Steven H Propp
Eric Berne (1910-1970; born as Eric Bernstein, he changed his name in 1943) was a Canadian-born psychiatrist, who wrote many popular (even "trendy," in the 1960s) books such as A Layman's Guide to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, Structure and Dynamics of Organizations and Groups, Games People Play, Principles of Group Treatment, etc.
He wrote in the Preface to this 1961 book, "This book outlines a unified system of individual and social psychiatry as it has been taught during the past five years at the Group Therapy Seminar at Mount Zion Hospital in San Francisco [etc.]... This approach is now being used by therapists and group workers in various institutional settings, as well as in private practice, to deal with almost every type of mental, emotional, and characterological disturbance. The growing interest in and wider dissemination of its principles have indicated a need for this book." (Pg. 11)
He says in the Introduction, "An ego state may be described phenomenologically as a coherent system of feelings related to a given subject, and operationally as a set of coherent behavior patterns; or pragmatically, as a system of feelings which motivates a related set of behavior patterns." (Pg. 17) He adds, "Colloquially, these types of ego states are referred to as Parent, Adult, and Child... Certain repetitive sets of social maneuvers appear to combine both defensive and gratificatory functions. Such maneuvers are colloquially called pastimes and games... More complex operations are based on an extensive unconscious life plan which is called a 'script,' after the theatrical scripts which are intuitive derivatives of these psychological dramas. These three terms 'pastime,' 'game,' and 'script,' form the vocabulary of transactional analysis." (Pg. 23)
He asserts, "In structural terms, a 'happy' person is one in whom important aspects of the Parent, the Adult, and the Child are syntonic with each other." (Pg. 57) He explains, "The Parent is the guide for ethical aspirations... the Adult is concerned with the earthly realities of objective living; and the Child is a purgatory, and sometimes a hell, for archaic tendencies." (Pg. 60) He suggests, "Transactional analysis is best done in therapy groups." (Pg. 90) He states, "a game can be defined transactionally as a set of ulterior transactions... with a concealed motivation... a series of moves with a snare or 'gimmick.'" (Pg. 104)
Later, he advises, "The trichotomy [Parent, Adult, Child] must be taken quite literally. It is just as if each patient were three different people. Until the therapist can perceive it this way, he is not ready to use this system effectively." (Pg. 235) He summarizes, "It is quite possible that the personality structure so far given might be adequate for a therapeutic lifetime, just as it served the writer well during the first phase of clinical formulation of these ideas." (Pg. 191)
Berne later presented this material in a much more "popular" style in 'Games People Play,' but this earlier, more "clinical" presentation provides great insight into his ideas during their development.
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Stepping Out of the Game
By James A. Altman
Like so many others, I found Eric Berne's work incredibly liberating. Resisting the games people play and recognizing, not only the inner child, but the inner adult, and the inner parent in myself and others has made transaction and interaction much more sane for me. A great work!
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
The Prequel to Games People Play
By watzizname
Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy © 1961 (TAinP) ****½ +
Games People Play: The Basic Handbook of Transactional Analysis. © 1964 (GPP) ****¾ +
Scripts People Live: Transactional Analysis of Life Scripts © 1974 (SPL) *****
All three of these books have been around for a long time, and all three are well worth reading. I was persuaded to review them together by the first sentence in the preface of GPP: "This book is primarily designed to be a sequel to my book Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy, but has been planned so that it can be read and understood independently." In the years between writing them, it is obvious that Dr. Berne gained valuable experience in one or (more likely) both TA and writing. I am sure I would have found TAinP much tougher going had I not read GPP first, and I recommend you, too, read them in reverse order. You might even consider reading Claude Steiner's SPL first; Dr. Steiner has surpassed even his mentor, Dr. Berne, in making the concepts of TA accessible to the lay reader.
You don't have to have serious emotional problems, or have a friend or loved one who does, to benefit from reading these books; they will help you to understand yourself and others better. They will also teach you to recognize the games salespeople try to play with you, so that you can avoid becoming a victim thereof. And if you or a friend or loved one is contemplating psychotherapy or in need thereof, these books can help in choosing a therapist who will go for the cure rather than the maintenance of the problem. The value of making the right choice can hardly be overstated. It is SO much better to learn to become an ex-neurotic or ex-psychotic than to learn to be a better neurotic or a better psychotic!
Dr. Berne found that a person is almost always in one of three ego states, which he called Parent, Adult, and Child. Dr. Berne deliberately chose familiar names, instead of jargon such as superego, id, exteropsyche, archaeopsyche, etc. As Dr. Steiner put it, "He rejected the usual psychiatric practice of using one language in speaking with people and another in speaking with psychiatric colleagues. As he developed the new concepts of his theory, he used, in every instance, words which were immediately understandable to most people."* Dr. Berne and his students believed in demystifying patients and the general public, rather than snowing us.
Whichever ego state is awake and in control is said to be cathected. (Rarely, two or all three ego states may be partially cathected at the same time, or one or both of the others may be awake but not cathected, and when one is very deeply asleep or in a coma, probably no ego state is cathected.) Roughly speaking, the Parent is the ego state in which one nurtures or criticizes another, the Adult contemplates and processes factual information and solves problems, and the Child has fun or reacts to criticism. Each ego state is appropriate for some situations and inappropriate for others. The nurturing Parent and the critical Parent are both needed in taking care of children or invalids, but the critical Parent can `go hog wild' and become the always-inappropriate pig Parent, which concentrates on destructive, rather than constructive criticism. Irrational prejudices, such as racism and sexism, are functions of the pig Parent, as is the Puritan's `haunting fear that someone, somewhere, might be having a good time.'
The Adult is responsible for using factual knowledge, reason, and intuition to solve life's problems. Everyone needs, at times, a well-functioning Adult, and virtually everyone is born with one, but one's Adult can become contaminated by one or both of the other ego states. The Child-contaminated Adult too often engages in `wishful thinking,' while the Parent-contaminated Adult typically accepts as factual the pig Parent's irrational prejudices. The pig parent may even virtually suppress the Adult with a script injunction of mindlessness such as "Don't think!"
The Child is cathected when one is having fun. Enjoyment of play and of lovemaking are functions of the Child; it is the Child which makes life worth living. Sometimes the pig Parent manages to suppress the Child with a script injunction of joylessness: "Don't have fun!"
* SPL, page 4.
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